The coatings were prepared via the procedure depicted in Fig. 31. For example, 

The above WPA, modified hyperbranched polyester (30 wt%, HBPE-CDA-IPDI-HEA or HBPE-PA-IPDI-HEA), Darocur 1173 (5 wt%) and distilled water were added and mixed thoroughly. After 30 min, 15.00 wt% EPD solution was obtained. Tin plates were immerged into a standard EPD setup for 60 s with a deposition voltage of 40 V. Plenty of water was used to rinse the EPD coatings, and then they were put in an oven to remove the moisture for a flash-off period of 3 min at 80 °C. Finally, the dried coatings were completely cured under UV irradiation for 60 s. 

Technical data

EPD SYSTEM is a complete coating system 

DC source

Voltage range: ±40 V

Current range: 10A 

Software has the following specifications

Plot of voltage versus time

Plot of current versus time

Wavelength: 200-400 nm

Electrodes

Metal parts being anodized act as the anode. A cathode plate or rod made of platinum, stainless steel, lead, or carbon supplies the negative part of the electrical circuit

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process is based on the movement and deposition of charged particles under electric field onto a conductive electrode to develop thin or thick films and coatings. EPD can be applied for a wide range of fine powder or colloidal particles of metals, ceramics, polymers, and the composites.

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), is a term for a broad range of industrial processes which includes electrocoating, cathodic electrodeposition, anodic electrodeposition, and electrophoretic coating, or electrophoretic painting. A characteristic feature of this process is that colloidal particles suspended in a liquid medium migrate under the influence of an electric field (electrophoresis) and are deposited onto an electrode. All colloidal particles that can be used to form stable suspensions and that can carry a charge can be used in electrophoretic deposition. This includes materials such as polymers, pigments, dyes, ceramics and metals.

Voltage Conditions

In the electrochemical processing of Al to form an oxide layer, most studies have been made under the potentiostatic conditions of high voltage and low currents (refer to Figure 1). The voltages used are also dependent on the acid type and its molarity. Table 2 summarizes the voltage settings and times of the three main electrolytes used by several research groups in the manufacture of nano-porous oxide layer.